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The effects of mergers on industry globalization
- Ritik Agrawal
- 4 hours ago
- 7 min read
Ayasha Momin
Editor - Yashwardhan Rai
Abstract:
In 2026, the global mergers and acquisitions market is a highly growing industry aspect. In modern ear firms, businesses and companies are recommended to operate in a global environment to bypass their traditional business gaps. Tech companies' mergers are playing a very important role in creating AI innovations and maintaining pace with the help of digital transformations. The global market provides new opportunities, modern concepts, and new strategies. It increases the international mergers and acquisitions. The mergers create deep relations between the two companies and make a global assembly line. In international level, business will highly growing, due to the reasons that there are many changes in global laws and policies. This provides a secure environment to continue mergers and acquisitions. The merger of the company primarily presumes the maximum profit they earn through mergers. Hence, primary focus on the capital, share value past 10 to 15 yr records of companies, gaps or poor performance areas, and finally the structure of the company. Mergers contribute to a large part of the economy at a global level. Hence, mergers connect to the business and acquire another business. It could be national and international. When it connects to a global level, it reduces the completion of local markets.
Introduction:
Companies focus on the growth and the profits of the business. It could happen with internal and external growth. Internal growth depends upon product, management, structural and other aspects, while external growth depends upon the market value, profits, performance of the company, and goodwill. In Globalized economy merger and acquisitions gain the large asset base, global market, make the digital market and gaining complementary strengths and competency. Merger acquisitions are very good, but they have positive and negative impacts. No doubt it is the large industry part, but it also creates a risk towards local employment. Many times, when a merger company is related to the construction, real e, tech and health areas there are down falling the local jobs, and it creates the chance to make jobs for other country employees. Global mergers are more profitable than any other merger, but it also creates a global level risk which most of the time could not be handled by the local companies and businesses. Globalization mergers are mostly done by the richest country due to the reasons they command or control the global trade and the markets. Most of company not strictly apply the global laws hance local companies face the loss and are totally wounding up.
We want to accept the globalization's change the India position in international market. India rapidly growing in merger and acquisitions area it helps domestic market to approach the international market. Many companies relocated redesign their management which helps them to gain profits. World Trade Organizationtion promote the free trade across world, wide hence they connect to it large numbers. Communications medium is one of biggest reasons to grow globally day by day. Mergers provide plug and access to the global market. It provides national connectivity and brand publicity.
Definition of merger:
Two different companies merge or combine into one company.
Definition of globalizations:
Sociologists Martin Albrow and Elizabeth King define globalization as
"All those processes by which the people of the world are incorporated into a single world society”.
Main types of mergers:
1. Horizontal mergers:
Horizontal mergers are tools which maintain leadership between the two companies. This is used when the two companies operate in one market with the same business and combat each other but once they decide to mergers in one company to provide the supply in market. It creates a lack of competition or increases the hold in the global industry.
2. Vertical Mergers:
When two companies work in one market with different products, they merge with each other's operation to match market supply and chain. It helps to increase productivity and goodwill in the industry.
3. Reverse Merger:
It works like when private companies find a public company, then private companies transfer their share to the public hence it creates the public company. Now the pravity company has become a public company owned by 50 to 90 percent share by the company. Then the public company simply changes their states or name into the private company. And private company business becomes the public private entity primary operations.
4. Conglomerate Mergers:
When two totally different company mergers with each other then it is called the conglomerate mergers. They produce different marital, operate different products, different markets and different regains. It makes a company more versatile and ensures company assets will grow.
5. Congeneric Mergers:
When two companies merge with each other than it's called congeneric mergers. This kind of merger happens because they want to extend the products and launch the same product. This gains them a large number of consumer connections.
6. Market Extension Mergers:
These kinds of mergers work when companies produce the same product but in different markets. Companies pursue market extension mergers to access a bigger market and a larger client base.
Impact of merger in globalizations:
Honestly, mergers and acquisitions are great for the global economy. It affects many global industries. M&A contributes to a large part of the global industry. Each merger can affect the global in a positive and negative way because the global level economy will increase but domestic unviability also increases.
Positive impact:
1) Rapids extend to a global level: Mergers are growing fast and capturing the markets. It makes the company from bottom to high level. When any firm and company acquired existence business then they have accessed their products, goodwill, fast network, and stable customer.
2) Less risk of loss: In mergers the main aspect is less risk of loss because a company which is mergers that the company has their own clients', works and market. The company already runs in the market, only we need to reform it to find out the problems and work on those.
3) less gaps to entry: Acquisitions give chance to bypass the strict regulations and provide the global laws and trades services.
4) Diversity in market: In mergers explore the various country markets. Many times, shares and assets in multiple countries can provide the opportunity to hold the market in global industries.
5) Vertical Integration: Many of times global market has the most veritable company but some of company are really work on the different products but initially their products are different, but markets is one when this kind of company merges then the market Fastly growing up.
6) Reduce the market competitions: Mergers are highly used when supply and chain are demanding and other companies perform very well then, the dominant company mergers with it and holds a large scale of global shares or reduces their global competitor.
7) Management of ESG: On global industry, impactful aspect is ESG means environmental, social, and governance. Digitalization is spread globally through its company handle, and business makes it easy to run. Any cross borders mergers are successful then one of the reasons for this achievement is ESG.
8) Economies scale: When a company comes together, then the cost of per unit is stable on a global level. It creates lager productions and good market value.
9) Standardization of Quality: It standardizes quality of products, packaging, safety and ensures the grantee and warranty; hence, it provides the global trust, and market will automatically grow.
10) Access to Global Capital: Large global companies have better credit than domestic companies. It maintains the good will of products.
Negative impact:
1) For consumers: There is no other same product that maintains the quality and gives the same experience due to the reasons consumers face the higher value of products. In the market there is no one in competitions that remain when mergers with the same products company.
2) Workers: This kind of merger mainly affects the workers, after the merger some time dominant company kick out the workers and fill new workers or reduce the compensation of employs.
3) Monopoly: Global level increases the monopoly of one company. If any company has a large share, then the company holds the monopoly on the market. It's dangerous for other growing businesses.
Mergers in various country and global:
Merger in India:
Indian market moves multiple times side of mergers. It creates domestic business and represents its international brand with the help of mergers and acquisitions. It has merged with international companies and promoted products in the global industry. Hence the India recorded mergers and acquisitions transactions the US$25billions till 2025. Some major mergers and acquisition's deals in India is Tata Communication
Ltd. Acquired the UK company B.T Group’s (B.T) Mosaic Business 100% stake. Bharti Airtel’s US$4.08 billion acquisition of a stake in BT Group. Tata Motors Ltd. Acquired the Haspano Carrocera SA company 79% of shake holders. Some company which belongs to India, but it's had huge value in global market they also mergers. Like HDFC Bank Merger with HDFC Ltd. in 2023, Future Group Acquisition by Reliance Industries (2024) and Purchase of Air India by the Tata Group in 2022 this company effect the global market as well.
The impact of this kind of merger is India hold the global industrial market; it helps to convert the business at national level.
Mergers reduce market competitions and maintain the supply and chain in industry. India holds the global assets market as well. But it has a negative impact also which is converted to unemployment at a domestic level, unavailability of products, and financial criticisms.
Market in USA:
US GDP may grow 1.9% in 2026 only on the basics of AI mergers company. Us M&A deals increase the 93% year over year. AI platforms, developer tools, cybersecurity and digital infrastructure assets are producing the US$63b in years. Mergers and acquisitions reflect the USA market, which increases 900% over year to year, which is related to the personal branding, health industry, and sponsorships.
In 2025, USA cross the $491 billion in that 36% of cross borders deal targeted by the USA. Norfolk Southern Corporation acquired by Union Pacific Corporation which is based on Norfolk, Virginia, United States. This deal is done by USD $ 85000000000, one of the biggest deals is this. JDE Peets acquired by Keurig Dr Pepper at consideration of USD 1837841578. This company based at Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands.
The impact of mergers in the USA is company employment. The USA also faces the domestic level gap between employment and companies. Due to these reasons, most of the time their domestic employees face unemployment issues. But the USA contributes huge amounts to the global economy and holds the market very well without any doubt.
Europe, the Middle East, and Africa:
There are 39 deals done in mergers and acquisitions, the whole market increases 10% which means its growing in moderate level. year-over-year to $840 billion across the deals. UAE, Saudi and Egypt hold large scale of mergers market at global market. It dominates the hubs of 240 of the region's 271 deals in H1 2025, a stable 89% share.
Asia-Pacific:
Asia pacific announces the eight largest transactions at the middle of 2025. Just 3% market is grown in Asia- pacific. year-over-year to $790 billion market acquired by these numbers is less than in the other areas. But China & Australian holds the more shares in merges among other country.
Summary:
Mergers are huge industries which help to grow the nation's economy. When two companies are one entity then it balances the market supply chain. Its workers different types but one the best types is two companies which produce different products but same in market when they merge then it creates dependency and holds a large part of markets. Global level works like medicine prevent the fever as well as body pain. In the global industry, mergers are beneficial but at a domestic level it creates many problems such as monopoly and employment. But it is part of the business because it has taken international brands, international markets and large scales of demand for products.
References:
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